Screening For Breast Cancer
Women aged between 50 and 74 are invited to access free screening mammograms every two years via the BreastScreen Australia Program.
Women aged 40-49 and 75 and over are also eligible to receive free mammograms, however they do not receive an invitation to attend.
It is recommended that women with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer, aged between 40 and 49 or over 75 discuss options with their GP, or contact BreastScreen Australia on 13 20 50.
Breast Cancer Mortality Rates Worldwide
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in most countries in the world .
Its estimated more than 680,000 breast cancer deaths occurred worldwide in 2020 .
Rates of breast cancer mortality vary around the world
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality among women in developing countries .
Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality among women in developed countries .
Breast Cancer Is The Most Common Cancer For Kiwi Women And The Third Most Common Cancer Overall
It affects one in nine New Zealand women over their lifetime.
About 70% – 75% of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer and about 80% of women who die from it are aged 50 years or older. Some women are at greater risk of breast cancer because there is a history of close family members having the disease.However, most women who develop breast cancer have no relatives with the disease. Even among women who do have relatives with breast cancer, most will never develop it.
While it is less common, young women can get breast cancer too. 6% of breast cancer in New Zealand occurs under the age of 40 years. Although it is uncommon, men also get breast cancer. About 25 men are diagnosed in New Zealand each year.
Nine New Zealand women, on average, will hear the news today that they have breast cancer.
Overall, 80% of people with breast cancer survive 10 years or more but tragically, more than 650 women die of the disease every year.
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The Surveillance Epidemiology And End Results Program
NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program collects and publishes cancer incidence and survival data from population-based cancer registries that cover approximately 35% of the US;population. The SEER program website has more detailed cancer statistics, including population statistics for common types of cancer, customizable graphs and tables, and interactive tools.
The Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer provides an annual update of cancer incidence, mortality, and trends in the United States. This report is jointly authored by experts from NCI, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Cancer Society, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries.
Related Resources
Us Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool
The Data Visualizations tool makes it easy for anyone to explore and use the latest official federal government cancer data from United States Cancer Statistics.;It includes the latest cancer data covering the U.S. population.
See how the rates of new breast cancers or breast cancer deaths changed over time for the entire United States and individual states.Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website.
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Cancer Incidence And Mortality Patterns By The 4
Incidence rates increased with increasing HDI level, ranging from 104.3 and 128.0 per 100,000 in low HDI countries to 335.3 and 267.6 per 100,000 in very high HDI countries for men and women, respectively . Mortality rates are about 2-fold higher in higher HDI countries versus lower HDI countries in men, whereas little variation exists across HDI levels in women .
- a Incidence excludes basal cell carcinoma, whereas mortality includes all types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.
- Abbreviation: HDI, Human Development Index.
Figures and show cancer incidence and mortality ASRs in higher HDI versus lower HDI countries for men and women, respectively, in 2020. For incidence in men , lung cancer ranks first and prostate cancer ranks second in higher HDI countries, and vice versa for lower HDI countries . These cancers were followed by colorectal cancer in higher HDI countries, largely reflecting the substantial contribution by the United States, and lip and oral cavity cancer in lower HDI countries because of the high burden of the disease in India. In women , incidence rates for breast cancer far exceed those of other cancers in both transitioned and transitioning countries, followed by colorectal cancer in transitioned countries and cervical cancer in transitioning countries.
Figure 7
Global Cancer Statistics : Globocan Estimates Of Incidence And Mortality Worldwide For 36 Cancers In 185 Countries
Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
Corresponding Author: Freddie Bray, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France .
Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
Corresponding Author: Freddie Bray, BSc, MSc, PhD, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France .
DISCLOSURES:
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How Many People Survive Breast Cancer
- Almost nine in ten; of women survive breast cancer for five years or more.
- Breast cancer survival is improving and has doubled in the past 40 years in the UK due to a combination of improvements in treatment and care, earlier detection through screening and a focus on targets, including faster diagnosis.
- An estimated 600,000 people are alive in the UK after a diagnosis of breast cancer. This is predicted to rise to 1.2 million in 2030.;
For many the overwhelming emotional and physical effects of the disease can be long-lasting.
Every year around 11,500women and 85 men die from breast cancer in the UK thats nearly 1,000 deaths each month, 31 each day or one every 45 minutes.
Breast cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the UK.
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women under 50 in the UK.;
Cancer Among Males And Females
Historically, males have been more likely than females to be diagnosed with cancer. The incidence gap between the sexes has, however, begun to narrow as rates among males have been declining while rates among females have been slowly increasing .
Between 1992 and 2014, the incidence rate of cancer in females increased 0.3% per year, from 445 to 459 per 100,000 . The incidence rate of cancer in males was relatively stable between 1992 and 2007, around 600 per 100,000, but then began to decline by 1.8% per year to 530 per 100,000 in 2014 . The decline in cancer incidence in males in the past 10 years is primarily due to declines in the incidence of prostate and lung cancers.
Similar to cancer incidence, the cancer mortality rate is higher in males than females, but the gap is diminishing . Since 1992, the cancer mortality rate has been declining faster in males than females .
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Hormones Influence The Risk Of Breast Cancer
Hormones can influence the risk of disease: Early first and late last menstruation, childlessness or a higher age at first birth are considered risk factors. Hormone replacement therapy can increase the risk of breast cancer, especially prolonged, combined oestrogen-progestin therapy. Ovulation inhibitors containing hormones increase breast cancer risk slightly.
Very dense breast tissue, certain benign breast changes or a previous history of breast cancer are also among known breast cancer risk factors.
Some breast cancers are due to an increased genetic risk: Women whose close relatives have been diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer have an elevated risk of developing breast cancer themselves. Similarly, the risk of breast cancer increases after radiotherapy of the breast during childhood or adolescence.
Lifestyle factors such as overweight and lack of exercise after menopause as well as alcohol consumption are also risk factors. Smoking could also slightly increase risk.
Metastatic Breast Cancer At Diagnosis
Most often, metastatic breast cancer arises months or years after a person has completed treatment for early or locally advanced breast cancer.
Some people have metastatic breast cancer when they are first diagnosed. This is called de novo metastatic breast cancer. In the U.S., 9 percent of men have metastases when they are first diagnosed with breast cancer .
Learn more about metastatic breast cancer.
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Cancer Incidence And Death Rates By Sex And World Region
Worldwide, the incidence rate for all cancers combined was 19% higher in men than in women in 2020, although rates varied widely across regions. Among men, incidence rates ranged almost 5-fold, from 494.2 per 100,000 in Australia/New Zealand to 100.6 per 100,000 in Western Africa ; among women, rates varied nearly 4-fold, from 405.2 per 100,000 in Australia/New Zealand to 102.5 per 100,000 in South Central Asia. These variations largely reflect differences in exposure to risk factors and associated cancers and barriers to high-quality cancer prevention and early detection. For example, the highest overall incidence rates in Australia/New Zealand are caused in part by an elevated risk of NMSC because most of the population is light-skinned, and excessive sun exposure is prevalent, in conjunction with increased detection of the disease.
The gender gap for overall cancer mortality worldwide is twice that for incidence, with death rates 43% higher in men than in women , partly because of differences in the distribution of the cancer types. Death rates per 100,000 persons varied from 165.6 per 100,000 in Eastern Europe to 70.2 per 100,000 in Central America among men and from 118.3 per 100,000 in Melanesia to 63.1 per 100,000 in Central America and South Central Asia among women. Notably, the cumulative risk of dying from cancer among women in 2020 was higher in Eastern Africa than in Northern America , Western Europe , and Australia/New Zealand .
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Lung cancer
Examples Of Rates Versus Numbers
Say, town A has a population of 100,000 and town B has a population of 1,000. Over a year, say there are 100 breast cancer deaths in town A and 100 breast cancer deaths in town B.
The number of breast cancer deaths in;each town is the same. However, many more people live in town A than live in town B. So, the mortality rates are quite different.
In town A, there were 100 breast cancer deaths among 100,000 people. This means the mortality rate was less than one percent .
In town B, the mortality rate was 10 percent .
Although the number of deaths was the same in town A and town B, the mortality rate was much higher in town B than in town A .
Lets look at another example. In 2021, its estimated among women there will be :
- 100 breast cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
- 720 breast cancer deaths in Alabama
- 4,730 breast cancer deaths in California
Of;the 3,;California has the highest number of breast cancers. However, that doesnt mean it has the highest rate of breast cancer. These numbers dont take into account the number of women who live in each state. Fewer women live in Alabama and Washington, D.C. than live in California.
Other factors may vary by state as well, such as the age and race/ethnicity of women. So, to compare breast cancer mortality , we need to look at mortality rates.
In 2021, the estimated mortality rates are :
- 26 per 100,000 women in Washington, D.C.
- 22 per 100,000 women in Alabama
- 19 per 100,000 women in California
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Breast Cancer Incidence Rates Worldwide
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide.
Its estimated;more than;2 million new cases of breast cancer;occurred worldwide among women in 2020 .
Breast cancer incidence rates around the world vary
In general, rates of breast cancer are higher in developed countries than in developing countries .;
What Is The Effect Of Mammography Screening
Following the introduction of the mammography screening programme in Germany for women between the ages of 50 and 69 years , diagnosis rates in the corresponding age group initially rose sharply. Since 2009, however, they have been declining continuously and in 2016 were only slightly higher than before the screening programme. A recent publication shows that, in the screening age group, about 25 percent fewer women are diagnosed with advanced tumours than before the introduction of screening. Mammography screening also appears to have had an impact on breast cancer mortality: since around 2008 the mortality rate has developed much more favourably in the screening age group than in women under 50 or over 70.
Estimated age-standardised incidence rates of breast cancer in women eligible for mammography screening and other age groups , Germany 1999 – 2016, per 100,000
Progress in therapy has substantially improved the survival chances of people diagnosed with breast cancer, and this has led to a decrease in mortality rates as well. Within a few years time, it should be possible to assess the extent to which screening has brought about a further reduction.
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Additional Insights On Metastatic Breast Cancer Recurrence
CS Breast Cancer Facts and Figures 2013-14Breast Cancer Survival and Stage at Diagnosis;Relative survival rates are an estimate of the number of patients who will survive for a given time after a cancer diagnosis. ;It differs from observed survival in that it accounts for deaths from other causes by comparing among cancer patient to survival among people of the same age and race who have not been diagnosed with cancer. ;;Based on the most recent data, relative survival rates for women diagnosed with breast cancer are:
- ;89% at 5 years after diagnosis
- 83% after 10 years
- 78% after 15 years
Of course, women keep dying of MBC longer than 15 years after their initial diagnoses, notes Musa Mayer, patient advocate and Member, Steering Committee, Metastatic Breast Cancer Alliance. According to SEER statistics: ;18-year relative survival for patients diagnosed from 1990-1994 is 71% which takes us really close to the 30% figure. However, its important to bear in mind that none of these patients would have been offered Herceptin, not even in the metastatic setting. ;With adjuvant Herceptin cutting recurrence rates in half, this is a big difference. Fewer hormonal options existed as well.
Facts About Lifestyle And Breast Cancer
sedentary lifestyle, weight gain and obesity and sociological changes
Physical activity and weight
Excess body weight and physical inactivity account for approximately 2533% of breast cancer cases.6
There is an inverse relationship between obesity and breast cancer in pre-menopausal women and a direct relationship in post-menopausal women.5
Inactivity>is estimated to cause 10-16% of all breast cancer cases.7
The effect of weight loss is independent of physical activity. 7
Reproductive factors
Having children at a younger age , having several children, and breast-feeding for long periods of time reduces breast cancer risk.5
Having first menstruation prior to 12 years old and/or menopause after age 55 increases the probability of developing breast cancer.12 For each year in delay of menarche the risk decreases by about 15% and for each year of delay of menopause it increases about 3%.5,13
Alcohol consumption
Meta analyses show that breast cancer risk increases by around 7-12% per unit of alcohol per day.8,9,10 Light drinkers, up to one alcoholic drink per day have a 5% higher breast cancer risk compared with non drinkers.11
Menopausal therapy and use of contraceptives
There is a very clear connection between hormone replacement therapy and the risk of developing breast cancer.14, 15 In the Million Women Study, current users of HRT at recruitment were more likely than never users to develop breast cancer .16 Breast cancer risk increases the longer HRT is taken.14, 15
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What About Skin Cancer
Melanoma skin cancer is the fifth most common cancer type. Experts expect 6,850 people to die from it in 2020. Thatâs about 1% of all cancer deaths in the U.S.
In recent years, the number of melanoma cases has risen. But the death rate for melanoma has dropped by almost 3% per year from 2008 to 2017.
Incidence Rate For All Invasive Breast Cancer *
- For all invasive BC: Declined from 1999-2003; stable since 2003
- Rates increased rapidly between 1980-87 due largely to greater use of mammography screening, leading to increased detection of breast cancers too small to be felt. This inflates the incidence rate because tumors are being detected 1 to 3 years earlier.
- Rates stabilized/slowed in 1990s.
- There was a sharp decrease in 2002-2003 due to decreased use of menopausal hormones.
- Since 2003 rates have been stable. However, the population has been increasing.
- For non invasive DCIS rates rose rapidly during 80s and 90s, due to mammography screening. Since 1999 incidence of in situ cases have stabilized among women 50 and older, but continue to increase in young women.
* includes initial diagnosis of Stage IV only, not metastatic recurrences
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